Ayurveda View on Raktamokshan and its Mode of Action as per Modern Science

Ayurveda is old science which deals with many surgical and parasurgical procedures for the management of different pathological conditions. Amongst the many unique modalities Raktamokshan (bloodletting) is one of the important modality which provides health benefits in many diseases. Acharya Sushruta described importance of this procedure in conditions involving vitiation of Rakta and Dosha. Vitiation of Rakta is responsible for many health issues including skin problems and Raktamokshan helps greatly in this regard. Leech therapy, venesection and cupping therapy are subtype of Raktamokshan which helps in blood purification. The bloodletting therapies gaining attention of modern science due to their technical advancement. Raktamokshana mainly involves various techniques of blood liberation. Raktamokshan helps to treat conditions like eczema, swellings, inflammations and poisoning, etc

Analytical Modeling of Channel Noise for Gate Material Engineered Surrounded/Cylindrical Gate (SGT/CGT) MOSFET

In this paper, an analytical modeling is presentated to describe the channel noise in GME SGT/CGT MOSFET, based on explicit functions of MOSFETs geometry and biasing conditions for all channel length down to deep submicron and is verified with the experimental data. Results shows the impact of various parameters such as gate bias, drain bias, channel length ,device diameter and gate material work function difference on drain current noise spectral density of the device reflecting its applicability for circuit design applications

The role of 39 psoriasis risk variants on age of psoriasis onset.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic risk factors for psoriasis, but data on their association with age of onset have been marginally explored. The goal of this study was to evaluate known risk alleles of psoriasis for association with age of psoriasis onset in three well-defined case-only cohorts totaling 1,498 psoriasis patients. We selected 39 genetic variants from psoriasis GWAS and tested these variants for association with age of psoriasis onset in a meta-analysis. We found that rs10484554 and rs12191877 near HLA-C and rs17716942 near IFIH1 were associated with age of psoriasis onset with false discovery rate < 0.05. The association between rs17716942 and age of onset was not replicated in a fourth independent cohort of 489 patients (P = 0.94). The imputed HLA-C∗06:02 allele demonstrated a much stronger association with age of psoriasis onset than rs10484554 and rs12191877. We conclude that despite the discovery of numerous psoriasis risk alleles, HLA-C∗06:02 still plays the most important role in determining the age of onset of psoriasis. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of other risk alleles, including IFIH1, to age of psoriasis onset

Unusual cytochemical reactivity for toluidine blue in granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report of two rare cases

Azurophilic granulation of blasts is a feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may mimic AML due to the presence of cytoplasmic granules in lymphoblasts, but cytochemistry and immunophenotyping are helpful in making the correct diagnosis. Toluidine blue (TB) is a metachromatic dye, which stains basophils and myeloid blasts that exhibit basophilic differentiation. Reactivity for TB has not been described in lymphoblasts. We herein report two cases of granular ALL with blasts exhibiting reactivity for TB that caused diagnostic dilemma. Immunophenotyping and cytogenetic studies were helpful in making a correct diagnosis. This report of two rare case highlight the reactivity of lymphoblasts with TB not hitherto described and the importance of a detailed diagnostic work-up in acute leukemia

Synchronous presentation of multiple myeloma and lung cancer

A 63-year-old male farmer presented to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (New Delhi, India) with fever, loss of appetite, and lower backache for 5 months. He was a chronic smoker and alcoholic for the previous 20 years. On physical examination, he had pallor, crepitations, bronchial breathing, and decreased breath sound on left side of chest. Chest x-ray showed mediastinal widening and left-sided pleural effusion. On computed tomography scan, large nodular mass in lower lobe of left lung and pleural effusion was seen (Fig 1). Laboratory investigations revealed hemoglobin level of 9.2 g/dL, total leukocyte count of 17.2 × 109/L, and platelet count of 35 × 109/L. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 116 mm at the end of first hour. Biochemical investigations showed raised adenosine deaminase levels in pleural fluid (45 U/L), raised serum alkaline phosphatase (1,050 U/L), total serum proteins of 84 g/L, and reversed albumin:globulin ratio (0.5). Prostate-specific antigen level was 0.16 ng/mL. Other serum biochemistry parameters were within normal limits. Peripheral blood smear showed normocytic normochromic erythrocytes, neutrophilia, and rouleaux formation. Bone marrow aspirate was cellular and showed hematopooietic cells of all series, increased plasma cells (25%), and few clusters of metastatic tumor cells (Fig 2A). On bone marrow biopsy, hematopoietic cells of all series were seen along with increased plasma cells (Fig 2B, arrowhead) and metastatic deposits of adenocarcinoma (Fig 2B, arrow), which on immunohistochemistry were positive for cytokeratin. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation studies revealed a monoclonal band of immunoglobin G subtype. On flow cytometric immunophenotyping, the plasma cells, as gated by bright expression of CD38 and CD138, were positive for CD56 and lambda light chains and negative for CD19 and kappa light chains (Fig 3). On skeletal survey, there was collapse of D9 and L3 vertebrae with increased uptake in these areas on bone scan. Circumscribed lesion of altered signal intensity in multiple vertebrae with collapse of D9 and L3 vertebrae was seen on magnetic resonance imaging study. Thus, a diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) stage IIIA coexistent with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma was made. Patient was offered carboplatin and taxane-based chemotherapy and localized palliative radiotherapy to the spine